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Home > Clerc Center > Information and Resources > Info to Go > Language and Literacy > 15 Principles for Reading to Deaf Children > 2. Deaf readers keep both languages visible (ASL and English)

2. Deaf readers keep both languages visible (ASL and English).

The following 15 principles are best practices for how to read aloud to deaf and hard of hearing children. They are based on research on how Deaf parents read to their Deaf children. These principles were developed to give parents and teachers of deaf children skills and strategies for reading aloud in American Sign Language.
2. Deaf readers keep both languages visible (ASL and English)
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The Principles
1-15
15 Principles (1 to 15)
Introduction
1. Deaf readers translate stories using American Sign Language
2. Deaf readers keep both languages visible (ASL and English)
3. Deaf readers are not constrained by the text
4. Deaf readers re-read stories on a storytelling to story reading continuum
5. Deaf readers follow the child's lead
6. Deaf readers make what is implied explicit
7. Deaf readers adjust sign placement to fit the story
8. Deaf readers adjust signing style to fit the story
9. Deaf readers connect concepts in the story to the real world
10. Deaf readers use attention maintenance strategies
11. Deaf readers use eye gaze to elicit participation
12. Deaf readers engage in role play to extend concepts
13. Deaf readers use ASL variations to sign repetitive English phrases
14. Deaf readers provide a positive and reinforcing environment
15. Deaf readers expect the child to become literate
Conclusion