Visual disabilities are usually defined as disorders in the structure and function of the eye as manifested by at least one of the following: visual acuity of 20/70 or less in the better eye after the best possible correction, a peripheral field so constricted that it affects one's ability to function in an educational setting, or a progressive loss of vision which may affect one's ability to function in an educational setting. Examples include, but are not limited to: cataracts, glaucoma, nystagmus, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, and strabismus.

Documentation of a visual disability should consist of a letter or report from an optometrist or ophthalmologist and must include the following:

  • An explanation of the extent of the individual's visual fields.
  • A specific diagnosis.
  • The degree of visual acuity.
  • Whether the condition is stable or progressive.
  • A statement of the functional limitation(s) caused by the disability.
  • Possible side effects of any prescribed aids or medication.
  • Whether visual aids are recommended.
  • Suggested recommendations for effective and reasonable accommodations.